abstract：:Prenatal stress is known to affect the development of the brain, and exaggerate the developmental toxicity of chemicals. Many studies of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) use pregnant rodents mated at the supplier, which consequently suffer from the stress of shipping and of environmental changes. Here, we demonstrate...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ogawa T,Kuwagata M,Hori Y,Shioda S

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhalation of ultrafine particulate matter (PM) in air pollution increases cardiovascular mortality by passing into systemic circulation and possibly affecting endothelial cell (EC) function. This study identified the chemical constituents, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in diesel exhaust particula...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Sumanasekera WK,Ivanova MM,Johnston BJ,Dougherty SM,Sumanasekera GU,Myers SR,Ali Y,Kizu R,Klinge CM

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Skin esterases serve an important pharmacological function as they can be utilised for activation of topically applied ester prodrugs. Understanding the nature of these enzymes, with respect to their role and local activity, is essential to defining the efficacy of ester prodrugs. Minipigs are used as models to study ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Jewell C,Prusakiewicz JJ,Ackermann C,Payne NA,Fate G,Williams FM

更新日期：2007-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Phytosterols (PS) are naturally occurring compounds present in food products of plant origin. Due to reported positive health effects, some food products are also enriched with PS. In the same way as cholesterol is oxidised, PS also oxidise to a variety of oxidation products (POPs). The biological effects and safety a...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Abramsson-Zetterberg L,Svensson M,Johnsson L

更新日期：2007-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine the toxicokinetics and some effects of 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a) in humans. Nine male volunteers were experimentally exposed to 500ppm HFC-143a for 2h during light physical exercise (50W) in an exposure chamber. Blood, urine and exhaled air were sampled before, during and ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Gunnare S,Ernstgård L,Sjögren B,Johanson G

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular basis of the interindividual differences of normal individuals to ionizing radiation is poorly understood. Several studies in telomerase KO mice with short telomeres have uncovered an inverse relationship between telomere length and radiation sensitivity. The present work aims to determine if chromosome ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Castella M,Puerto S,Creus A,Marcos R,Surralles J

更新日期：2007-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The behavioral effects of concurrent maternal exposure to restraint stress and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were assessed in the offspring of mice at 3 months of age. Plug positive females were divided into two groups. Animals were given by gavage 0 and 6mg PFOS/kg/day on gestation days 12-18. One-half of the anim...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Fuentes S,Colomina MT,Vicens P,Domingo JL

更新日期：2007-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to phthalate esters during sexual differentiation disrupts testosterone and insulin-like three hormones resulting in malformations of androgen- and insulin-like three-dependent tissues. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that gubernacular lesions would be more prevalent in the DEHP-treated ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Wilson VS,Howdeshell KL,Lambright CS,Furr J,Earl Gray L Jr

更新日期：2007-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Combined effects of mycotoxin mixtures are of major concern due to the widespread occurrence of human exposure to mixtures. Owing to the lack of sufficient mixture data regarding the human immune function, the aim of this study was to specify, evaluate and predict the combined effects of mycotoxin mixtures upon the fu...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Tammer B,Lehmann I,Nieber K,Altenburger R

更新日期：2007-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), a potent environmental procarcinogen, has been shown to cause cell cycle alternation. However, the mechanisms involved in this effect are not well understood yet. Our current results demonstrated that B(a)P exposure led to cell proliferation and a 33.5% increase in S phase cells as well as a 26...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Gao A,Liu B,Shi X,Jia X,Ye M,Jiao S,You B,Huang C

更新日期：2007-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Methylmercury (MeHg) is an environmental toxicant, while mercuric sulfide (HgS) is a main active component of cinnabar, a Chinese mineral medicine used as a sedative. Because the neurotoxicological effects of HgS were not clearly understood, in this study, we attempted to compare HgS with MeHg in various physiological...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chuu JJ,Liu SH,Lin-Shiau SY

更新日期：2007-03-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon nanotubes (CNT), despite their diverse application potential, have demonstrated adverse impacts in vitro and in vivo. Previous studies have focused on the combined in vitro cytotoxic impact of CNT aggregates and associated nanoparticulate impurities. However, the isolated effect of CNT aggregates and associated...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Raja PM,Connolley J,Ganesan GP,Ci L,Ajayan PM,Nalamasu O,Thompson DM

更新日期：2007-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Furan, a potential human carcinogen, is formed during heat-treatment of food. Previous studies of the genotoxicity of furan have given disparate results. Hence, there is a need for complementary data to clarify the mechanism behind the carcinogenicity of furan. In this study, we have used the flow cytometer-based micr...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Durling LJ,Svensson K,Abramsson-Zetterberg L

更新日期：2007-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:This objective of this study was to investigate the toxicogenomics and the spatial regulation of global gene expression profiles elicited by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer tunicamycin (TM) in mouse small intestine and liver as well as to identify TM-modulated nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-depend...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Nair S,Xu C,Shen G,Hebbar V,Gopalakrishnan A,Hu R,Jain MR,Liew C,Chan JY,Kong AN

更新日期：2007-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in various pulmonary diseases by causing direct injury to lung epithelial cells. Signalling activity of cells through transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and AP-1 have been shown to be regulated by ROS, and the release of pro-inflammatory ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Brown DM,Hutchison L,Donaldson K,MacKenzie SJ,Dick CA,Stone V

更新日期：2007-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In humans organophosphorothionate pesticides (OPT) prenatal exposure has been demonstrated. Since OPT-induced neurodevelopmental effects may be due to in situ bioactivation by foetal enzymes, the catalytic activity of the foetal CYP3A7 toward chlorpyrifos (CPF), parathion (PAR), malathion (MAL) and fenthion (FEN) has ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Buratti FM,Leoni C,Testai E

更新日期：2006-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Bisphenol A (BPA) has been acknowledged as an estrogenic chemical able to interact with human estrogen receptors (ER). Many lines of evidence reveal that BPA has an impact as an endocrine disruptor even at low doses. However, its binding to ER and hormonal activity is extremely weak, making the intrinsic significance ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Takayanagi S,Tokunaga T,Liu X,Okada H,Matsushima A,Shimohigashi Y

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The main aim of the study was to identify the critical periods of susceptibility for itraconazole-mediated teratogenesis in the mouse. Pregnant ICR (CD-1) mice received a single oral administration of itraconazole at 50 mg/kg b.w., 150 mg/kg b.w. or 250 mg/kg b.w. on gestation day 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12. Control animals w...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Tiboni GM,Marotta F,Del Corso A,Giampietro F

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been reported that lead could induce apoptosis in a variety of cell types. Although mitochondrion is regarded as the most pertinent pathway in mediating apoptosis, the exact mechanisms of lead-induced apoptosis are still largely unknown. Furthermore, there is little information about expressions and regulations...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Xu J,Ji LD,Xu LH

更新日期：2006-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Lanthanides, because of their diversified physical and chemical effects, have been widely used in a number of fields. As a result, more and more lanthanides are entering into the environment and eventually accumulated in human body. Recently, a new medicine, lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol), has been used to treat chron...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Feng L,Xiao H,He X,Li Z,Li F,Liu N,Zhao Y,Huang Y,Zhang Z,Chai Z

更新日期：2006-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Actinomycin D (ActD) is a well-known cytotoxic chemotherapeutic reagent and the prevention of ActD-induced apoptotic cell death has been an attractive issue for biomedical investigators. Since phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is essential for cell survival, the present study has examined whether the pr...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Li W,Cai S,Cai L,Li X

更新日期：2006-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widespread environmental pollutants, and the levels of certain congeners have been increasing in biota and abiota in recent decades. Some PBDEs are lipophilic and persistent, resulting in bioaccumulation in the environment. Their structural similarity to other polyhalogenated...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Peters AK,Sanderson JT,Bergman A,van den Berg M

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of intestinal damage on thyroid carcinogenesis due to amitrole (AT) were examined in F344 male rats initiated with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN). In experiment 1, rats were provided with diet containing 0.03% AT for 20 weeks after a single subcutaneous injection of DHPN (2800 mg/kg body weight), and...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Imai T,Onose J,Hasumura M,Takizawa T,Hirose M

更新日期：2006-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The phthalates di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) are environmental contaminants with significant human exposures. Both compounds are known reproductive toxins in rodents and DEHP also induces rodent hepatocarcinogenesis in a process believed to be mediated via the peroxisome proliferator-...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Venkata NG,Robinson JA,Cabot PJ,Davis B,Monteith GR,Roberts-Thomson SJ

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inorganic arsenic has strong human carcinogenic potential, but the availability of an animal model to study toxicity is extremely limited. Here, we used the transgenic zebrafish line Tg(k18(2.9):RFP) as an animal model to study arsenite toxicity. This line was chosen because the red fluorescent protein (RFP) is expres...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Wang YH,Chen YH,Wu TN,Lin YJ,Tsai HJ

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyanotoxins are now recognised by international and national health and environment agencies as significant health hazards. These toxins, and the cells which produce them, are also vulnerable to exploitation for illegitimate purposes. Cyanotoxins are increasingly being subjected to national and international guideline...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Metcalf JS,Meriluoto JA,Codd GA

更新日期：2006-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Vitamin A is widely used in cosmetic preparations. Given that oral Vitamin A and its metabolites present a potential reproductive risk, the present study investigated the effect of topical Vitamin A on human endogenous plasma levels of Vitamin A and its metabolites. METHODS:Two groups of 14 female volunteer...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Nohynek GJ,Meuling WJ,Vaes WH,Lawrence RS,Shapiro S,Schulte S,Steiling W,Bausch J,Gerber E,Sasa H,Nau H

更新日期：2006-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model describing the disposition of 2-butoxyethanol (2-BE) was developed in order to predict the urinary concentration of its major metabolite, butoxyacetic acid (BAA) under a range of exposure scenarios. Based on Corley et al. [Corley, R.A., Bormett, G.A., Ghanayem, B.I....

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Franks SJ,Spendiff MK,Cocker J,Loizou GD

更新日期：2006-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The people studied were male volunteers without occupational and dietary exposure to PAH: 27 smokers (10 cigarettes or more) and 27 non-smokers matched for age and socio-professional category. For each person, all the 24h voided urine samples were reassembled in a single sample. 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OHPy) and 3-hydroxyb...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lafontaine M,Champmartin C,Simon P,Delsaut P,Funck-Brentano C

更新日期：2006-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The classical way to demonstrate the efficiency of remediation is measuring the reduction of toxic compounds in the environment. Nevertheless, more important is the risk reduction in human health. To determine changing health effects, exposure and bio-effects have to be monitored at time of and during remediation. Kin...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Rolle-Kampczyk UE,Rehwagen M,Franck U,Weiss H,Krumbiegel P,Herbarth O

更新日期：2006-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The genotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrated PAHs may be influenced by the interaction of the compounds. In this study, our data showed that benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-DNA adduct levels were decreased in a dose-dependent manner when the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 simultaneously treated with B...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Cherng SH,Hsu SL,Yang JL,Yu CT,Lee H

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methanol remains to be a major public and environmental health hazard. Formic acid is the toxic metabolite responsible for the metabolic acidosis observed in methanol poisoning in humans, in non-human primates and in folate-depleted rodents. Cytochrome oxidase inhibition by formate leads to lactic acid accumulation, w...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Muthuvel A,Rajamani R,Sheeladevi R

更新日期：2006-02-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Aim of this pilot study was to correlate the human exposure to formaldehyde (F) with N-methylenvaline, a molecular adduct formed by addiction of F to the N-terminal valine in hemoglobin. A group of 21 subjects employed in a plywood factory and a laminate factory, and occupationally exposed to F, together with a group ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Bono R,Vincenti M,Schiliro' T,Scursatone E,Pignata C,Gilli G

更新日期：2006-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, the action of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) on the parameters of the cortical and peripheral evoked potentials was investigated in rats in different administration schemes (20 mg/kg i.p. during recording or 24 h before, and 5x 15 mg/kg daily 28 days before recording) to elucidate some neurophysiological ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Szabó A,Papp A,Nagymajtényi L,Vezér T

更新日期：2006-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Styrene and its chiral main metabolite styrene-7.8-oxide are well characterized regarding their cytotoxic, genotoxic and neurotoxic properties. To our knowledge, no data exist on the influence of styrene and styrene-7.8-oxide on immune reactions. Epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to environmental pollutant...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Merker GH,Metzner G,Raabe F

更新日期：2006-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a ubiquitous air pollutant, presents in low concentrations in the urban air, and in higher concentrations in the working environment. In the present study, male Wistar rats were housed in exposure chambers and treated with 14.00+/-1.53, 28.00+/-2.12 and 56.00+/-4.28 mg/m3 SO2 for 6 h/day for 7 ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Qin G,Meng Z

更新日期：2005-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Nickel is a metal widely employed in dental alloys, and due to peculiar properties of certain nickel-based materials, it cannot be substituted with other metals in some applications. The release of nickel ions from dental alloys placed into long-term contact with mouth soft tissues is alarming because of the toxic, im...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Trombetta D,Mondello MR,Cimino F,Cristani M,Pergolizzi S,Saija A

更新日期：2005-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Vinyl acetate exposure in drinking water has been associated with tumor formation in the upper gastrointestinal tract of rats and mice. One potential mechanism for inducing carcinogenesis involves acidification of the intracellular environment due to the metabolism of vinyl acetate to acetic acid. Prolonged intracellu...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Nakamoto T,Wagner M,Melvin JE,Bogdanffy MS

更新日期：2005-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, the effects of exposure to a 900 megahertz (MHz) electromagnetic field (EMF) on serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and triiodothronine-thyroxin (T3-T4) hormones levels of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Thirty rats were used in three independent groups, 10 of which were control (withou...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Koyu A,Cesur G,Ozguner F,Akdogan M,Mollaoglu H,Ozen S

更新日期：2005-07-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5, particulates with an aerodynamic diameter < or = 2.5 microm) can suppress alveolar macrophage (AM) functions, but the data concerning the effects of blowing sand PM2.5 on AMs remain limited. The aim of the present study is to investigate the influences of blowing sand PM2.5 on A...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Geng H,Meng Z,Zhang Q

更新日期：2005-06-17 00:00:00